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The Laws of the Game〔(Laws of the game at FIFA website ), updated 2012〕 are the codified rules that help define association football. They are the only rules of association football subscribed to by the sport's governing body FIFA. The laws mention the number of players a team should have, the game length, the size of the field and ball, the type and nature of fouls that referees may penalise, the frequently misinterpreted offside law, and many other laws that define the sport. During a match, it is the task of the referee to interpret and enforce the Laws of the Game. There were various attempts to codify the rules of football in England in the mid-19th century. The extant Laws date back to 1863 where a ruleset was formally adopted by the newly formed Football Association. The original Laws were heavily influenced by the Cambridge rules and their early development saw substantial influence from the Sheffield Rules. Over time the Laws have been amended, and since 1886 they have been maintained by the International Football Association Board. ==Current laws of the game== The current ''Laws of the Game'' (LOTG) consist of seventeen individual laws, each law containing several rules and directions:〔 * Law 1: The Field of Play * Law 2: The Ball * Law 3: The Number of Players * Law 4: The Players' Equipment * Law 5: The Referee * Law 6: The Assistant Referees * Law 7: The Duration of the Match * Law 8: The start and restart of play * Law 9: Ball in and out of play * Law 10: The Method of Scoring * Law 11: Offside * Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct * Law 13: Free kicks (direct and indirect) * Law 14: The Penalty Kick * Law 15: The Throw-in * Law 16: The Goal Kick * Law 17: The Corner Kick Today, the above 17 laws are less than 50 pages of a 140 by 215 mm (roughly A5-size) pamphlet. In 1997, a major revision dropped whole paragraphs and clarified many sections to simplify and strengthen the principles. These laws are written in English Common Law style and are meant to be guidelines and goals of principle that are then clarified through practice, tradition, and enforcement by the referees. The actual law book has long contained 50 pages more of material, organized in numerous sections, that contain many diagrams but did not fit with the main 17 laws. In 2007, many of these additional sections along with much of the material from the FIFA Questions and Answers (Q&A), were restructured and put into a new Additional Instructions and Guidelines for the Referee section. This section is organized under the same 17 law points, consists of concise paragraphs and phrases like the laws themselves, and adds much clarifying material that previously was only available from National organizations and word of mouth among referees. Referees are expected to use their judgement and common sense in applying the laws; this is colloquially known as "Law 18". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laws of the Game (association football)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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